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Instruction and Teaching

Instruction and Teaching

INSTRUCTION AND TEACHING

In order to teach effectively, teachers must construct a feasible instructional design even before embarking on the lesson proper. Mayer (2001) suggests eight principles of a good instructional design:

1. Multimedia Principle: Students learn better from words accompanied by illustrations rather than mere words alone.

2. Contiguity Principle: Students learn better if the words and pictures are presented concurrently rather than individually.

3. Coherence Principle: Students learn better if all redundant and irrelevant words, sounds and pictures are excluded from the instruction.

4. Modality Principle: Students learn better if words are supplemented with narration rather than just being displayed as text on the screen.

5. Redundancy Principle: Students learn better if words are presented as a narration rather than narration and text on the screen.

6. Interactivity Principle: Students learn better if they are given opportunities to be engaged actively.

7. Signaling Principles: Students learn better if narrated information is divided into small segments for easy comprehension and retention.

8. Personalization Principle: Students learn better if information is presented to them in a conversational style

Gagne’s Five Principles of Instruction

Gagne, an educational psychologist, postulates that there are five dynamic conditions which greatly facilitate knowledge transfer (Gagne, et. al. 2005):

  1. Verbal information: Verbal information is akin to cognitive information processing. Like a computer which stores and processes data, the learner’s brain stores the knowledge, which has been internalized. This information is retrieved whenever needed.

  2. Intellectual skill: This refers to the learner’s capability to distinguish objects such as symbols and features. Intellectual skill, according to Gagne’s Taxonomy, also connotes personal achievements, communication skills, problem solving skills and role model play.

  3. Cognitive strategies: The learner strategizes to complete a learning task or solve a problem. Using reasoning and critical thinking skills, the learner will, by trial and error, come up with viable solutions.

  4. Attitudes: According to Gagne, attitudes consist of a set of values, which a learner associates with a given situation. Hence, if his attitude is positive towards a learning task, he will be motivated. The learner’s positive attitude will also encourage him to persevere until he achieves success.

    Therefore, it is of utmost importance to ensure that the learner adopts a positive attitude towards the learning process.

    5. Motor skills: The learner must be physically fit to perform a task.

    According to Gagne, all of the learning conditions are simple and specific and can be applied to a classroom situation for excellent outcomes. Apart from the five principles of learning conditions mentioned above, Gagne has also introduced an additional nine instructional events to enhance learning conditions (Sidney & Strauss, 1972). These events are:

    (1) Gaining the attention of the learner.

    (2) Outlining the objectives of the study.

    (3) Reviewing previous lesson before starting a new lesson.

    (4) Presenting the lesson proper.

    (5) Providing guidance to the learner during the lesson.

    (6) Encouraging the learner to respond.

    (7) Providing feedback for the learner.

    (8) Assessment and evaluation of the learner.

    (9) Enhancing learner’s retention of the new knowledge or skills.

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Multi-talented Academician, Learned Supervisor, Motivator, Researcher and Academic Strategist..
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PhD…….

If you understand what PhD means, trust me, you have already finished half of your thesis….

Greed Kills…

Greedy people are like cancer disease, never satisfy until consume you with your bones.

Is Impact Factor Important?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sCAsAKgNPjs

NOTE TO LECTURERS….

Instructors are empirical scholars, classroom reformers, learners’ advocates, discipliners and character builders.
A positive and successful teacher is able to establish a close relationship among students, administrators and parents.

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Lets share knowledge  so that create  new knowledge…

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A good teacher creates problem in the c lass rather than solving the problem…. Let our students stuck and then unstuck…..surprise……

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the art of style…

If you know what I am thinking right now, you can call yourself just a genius...

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All about Scientists….

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0TBbK6cuuvs

Research Methodology…

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w_Ujkt83i18&list=RDQMC1KuSlv4Lr4&start_radio=1

Research Process….

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tBXznU_TPJo&list=RDQMC1KuSlv4Lr4&index=2

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When you dare, you Win!

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PhD Seniors

A PhD thesis is a scholarly piece of work. Try to understand all scholarly terminologies. Go to the internet and search for explanations of the terminology that you do not understand. Readand read. You will soon realize that you are on board with your seniors.

What is a PhD Proposal

A proposal is a solid and convincing framework of a PhD thesis that underlies the originality of a research. It also must delineate a significant contribution
 to existing intellectual knowledge, either challenging or supporting existing literature on proposed problem.

Recent Posts

  • Constructivist and Traditionalist
  • Your PhD Thesis
  • What is Body of Knowledge?
  • Knowledge
  • Hate and Haters
  • Greed Kills

Research Scope and Justification

Research scope indicates the extent or limit of your investigation. You narrow down your search and investigation to a specific level and area of study.
Research Justification: It refers to a statement indicating the reasons for the investigation. You put forward a claim that this investigation is worthy of the funds, effort and time invested.

PhD Candidate

You cannot be a research student unless you have read enough to understand what are you doing. What is research? What is a PhD? So, you need to read relevant literature and arm yourself with the relevant knowledge.

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